PART I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Culture or the culture is derived from the Sanskrit entimologi yaitubuddhayah, which is the plural of buddhi (mind or intellect) which is then interpreted as matters related to the mind and human reason. In the English language, culture called culture, which is derived from the Latin word Colere, ie processing or working, or they can be interpreted as tilling the soil or farming. Kataculture also sometimes translated as "culture" in Indonesian.

Culture is a way of life that developed and shared by a group of people and passed down from generation to generation. Existing culture is made up of many complex elements, including religious and political system, customs, languages, tools, clothing, buildings, and works of art. Language, as well as culture, an integral part of human beings so many people tend to think of genetically inherited. When someone is trying to communicate with people of different cultures and adjust differences, proving that culture is learned. Culture is a holistic lifestyle. culture is complex, abstract, and spacious. Many aspects of culture helped determine the communicative behavior. Elements of socio-cultural spread and includes many human social activities.

Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world, with many of the Indonesian island has a diverse culture that is very much at all. The development of Indonesian culture has been started since our ancestors earlier. However, a few years this kebelakangan culture in Indonesia is in a disappointing where many cultures we are separated from our grasp.

As we have seen, the development of Indonesian culture is always in a state that is up and down. At first, Indonesia very much to have the cultural heritage of our ancestors earlier, things like that that have to be proud of Indonesian population itself, but lately the culture of Indonesia experienced a period of decline in the nation's cultural socialization terhadapa so residents now have many forget what the Indonesian culture. The advance of globalization love of culture on the wane, and this is very detrimental to the indigenous peoples of Indonesia. Too many alien life into Indonesia, the community has now developed into a modern society.

This causes a lot of Indonesian culture is taken by others, the following are some of the data of Indonesian culture that is claimed by another party: Batik of Java by Adidas, manuscripts of Riau by the Malaysian government, manuscripts of western Sumatra by the Malaysian government, Manuscript fashioned from southern Sulawesi by the Malaysian government, manuscripts of Southeast Sulawesi by the Malaysian government, rendang from West Sumatra by person WN Malaysia, Sambal plow from central Java by unscrupulous WN Holland, Sambal petai of Riau by unscrupulous WN Holland, tempeh from Java by some foreign companies, song Sayange sense of Maluku by the Malaysian government, Dance reog ponorogo of East Java by the Malaysian government, songs Soleram of Riau by the Malaysian government, songs injit-injit ants from Jambi by the Malaysian government, of Javanese gamelan musical instruments by the Malaysian government, Kuda Lumping dance from East Java by the Malaysian government, dance plate of western Sumatra by the Malaysian government, Songs older brother of the Moluccas by the Malaysian government, my kid Songs of Nusa Tenggara by the Malaysian government, garden chairs with carved ornaments typical Jepara, Central Java by unscrupulous WN France, Frames with ornaments Jepara carving typical of the Middle Java by unscrupulous WN Britain, the war motif of Yogyakarta by the Malaysian government, urged Suwarti Design silver from Bali by unscrupulous WN America, products made from herbs and medicinal plants native to Indonesia by Shiseido Co Ltd., Badik pepper mashed by the Malaysian government, Gayo coffee from Aceh by multinational corporations (MNCs) Netherlands, South Sulawesi Toraja coffee from the Japanese company, Music indang garinggiang rivers of West Sumatra by Malaysia, Cain Ulos by Malaysia, angklung by government Malaysia, Songs barley by the Malaysian government, and pendet from Bali by the Malaysian government.

Looking at the data presented above we should feel sad to see it, because so much of our culture which is claimed by the other party. Indonesian society itself less attention to the part of Indonesian culture. and the people of Indonesia are expected to pay more attention to a part of the cultural heritage of Indonesia. and now will be pursued by the government to educate young people to care about such things, and further introduce the importance of the early attitude knowledge of Indonesian culture.

1.2 Scope

In this paper will explain some of the issues regarding how the development of Indonesian culture and its influence on human life Indonesia then factors that affect the Indonesian nation's culture.

1.3 Purpose and Intent

1. Describe the development of culture in Indonesia.

2. Describe the effect of the development of Indonesian culture with Indonesian human life.

3. Discuss about Indonesian culture conditions.

4. Addressing Cultural Task Basic Subjects Social Sciences.

1.4 concept

In this paper will discuss the development of culture in Indonesia encompasses all Indonesian influence on human life and cultural conditions in Indonesia today. In the discussion of this paper will be presented in a systematic way from the start of Indonesian culture past to the era of globalization.

CHAPTER II

PROBLEM

Social and cultural dynamics always hit all the peoples and nations of the world is no exception similarly struck the Indonesian people, despite widespread problems and the level of the problem is different. Similarly, people and culture of Indonesia has grown rapidly in the past, although today's development can be said to be left behind when compared with developments in other developed countries. After all the problems encountered, the community and the diverse Indonesian culture have never experienced loss of culture conditions as the embodiment active community response to the challenges arising from changes in the environment in a broad sense as well as alternation of generations.

There are a number of forces that encourage social development of Indonesian culture. In general there are two forces that cause social change, the first thing is the power of the community itself (internal factors), such as alternation of generations and various inventions and local engineering. The second thing, is the strength of the outec

public (external factors), such as the influence of contacts between cultures (culture contact) directly or distribution (element) cultural and environmental changes which in turn can spur social development and culture of the people who have to rebuild their lives.

How fast or slow development of the socio-cultural that hit, and any factors cause, any changes that occur will cause a reaction pros and cons to the community or nation concerned. The size of the reaction of the pros and cons that may threaten the establishment, and even can also cause social disintegration, especially in a multi-cultural society with a compound such as Indonesia.

CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

A. Development of Indonesian Culture

Talking about Indonesian culture that is dibayangan we are a very diverse culture. How not, Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world, this is what causes Indonesia has a diverse culture.

Culture can be defined as an overall knowledge of humans as social beings who used to understand and interpret the environment and experiences, as well as a guide for behavior. A culture is a common property of members of a society or a social group, the distribution to its members and inheritance to the next generation is done through a process of learning and the use of symbols which materialized in the form of the spoken or not (including also the various equipment made by humans). Thus, each member of the public has a knowledge of the culture that can not be the same with the other members, due to the experience and the different learning processes and environments because they face are not always the same.

Culture is owned by a whole nation is the result of creativity, initiative, and man's work. Indonesia itself as an island country known for its cultural diversity, which is the diversity that shows how important aspects of a country's culture. Because it is clear that culture is an identity and the identity of a nation and the State.

The process of cultural development can occur through penetration. penetration of the influence of culture is a culture to another. Cultural penetration can occur in two ways:

a) Penetration of peace (penetration pasifique)

Peaceful penetration is the inclusion of a culture by peaceful means. For example, the influence of Hindu culture and Islam to Indonesia. Other examples such as Chinese culture, Indian culture and Arab culture. Culture of India go through the process of peace is through the spread of Hinduism and Buddhism in the Indonesian archipelago was formed long before. Bernafaskan kingdoms Hinduism and

Buddha had dominated archipelago in the 5th century AD is characterized by the establishment of the oldest kingdom in the archipelago, Kutai, until the end of the 15th century AD.

Entry of Chinese culture and influence the culture of Indonesia because of the interaction of intensive trade between Chinese merchants and Nusantara (Sriwijaya). In addition, there are many who go in together nomads Chinese immigrants who came from the southern regions of China and settled in the archipelago. They settled and married local residents resulted in a fusion of Chinese culture and unique local. Culture like this then became one of the roots rather than the modern local culture in Indonesia such as Java and Betawi culture.

Acceptance of both kinds of cultures does not result in conflict, but enrich the local culture. The influence of these two cultures did not result in the loss of the original elements of culture.

Spreading the culture of peace will generate acculturation, assimilation, atauSintesis. Acculturation is the union of two cultures to form a new culture without losing the element of indigenous culture. For example, the architecture of Borobudur temple which is a blend of native Indonesian culture and Indian culture. Assimilation is the mixing of two cultures to form a new culture. While Synthesis is the mixing of two cultures that resulted in the formation of a new culture that is very different from the original culture.

b) The penetration hardness (penetration Violante)

The entry of a culture by forcing and damaging. For example, the influx of Western culture to Indonesia during the colonial period is accompanied by violence, causing shocks destroy the balance in society. The form of the western world culture, among others, is the culture of the Netherlands are colonized for 350 years. Cultural heritage is still attached to the Dutch in Indonesia, among others, the Indonesian government system.

Broadly speaking Indonesian culture can be classified into two major groups. Namely Indonesian Culture Indonesian Classical and Modern Culture. Experts culture has reviewed very carefully in culture of this classic. They begin with an assessment of the culture that has been hatched by the kingdoms in Indonesia. As befits a reviewer objective, they examine regardless of dimensions that exist in the kingdom. They learn all dimensions without being ruled out. The dimensions that often there is like a religion, dance, songs, puppets, painting, sculpture, carving, and other creative results.

Some observers say that the development of Indonesian culture, especially modern culture began in the Indonesian nation's independence. This declaration makes the shape of the Indonesian nation is not under the influence and pressure of other nations by the culture. From the Indonesian nation is able to create a sense of a more perfect and intention to start developing the modern culture of Indonesia.

In the development of the Indonesian culture, there are several factors that influence the development of a culture of which is a factor of cultural influences from the outside, if the original culture is not able to maintain its existence, the existing indigenous

displaced and replaced with new foreign cultures. At this time we all can see that the Indonesian nation in an alarming situation, because a lot of the incoming foreign culture and not filtered thereby affecting the original culture of Indonesia.

Social and cultural conditions of Indonesia is as follows:

1. Language

Can we know that until now Indonesia is still consistent and stay true in one language is Indonesian. While the local languages are plural wealth of the Indonesian nation since the days of our ancestors. Language is one of the cultural elements that are formed due to the communication between humans Indonesia. Foreign languages (English, Mandarin, and Ian etc.) have not seen so dinminati in everyday use, only possible at the time of the seminar, or formal lectures interspersed activities denganbahasa England just to convey to the audience that the speaker would understand English.

2. System technology

We can not deny that the development of technology to be one of the factors that influence the development of Indonesian culture. The development of highly visible is information technology. With the development of this technology there is no time limit and the country at the moment, whatever it happens in one country can be directly seen in other countries through television, the internet or other means in the field of informatics. Thus, cultures outside were able to infiltrate into the native culture of Indonesia itself.

3. The system of life or livelihood of the local economy.

The Indonesian economy is still in a crisis situation, caused by economic fundamentals are not strong in the New Order era. Economic progress at the time it was only a mirage, because of the short-term debt from foreign investors who support the economy of Indonesia.

4. Social Organization.

The emergence of social organization in the guise of religion (FPI, JI, MMI, the Organization of Islamic Flow / Mahdi), Ethnic (FBR, Warriors Malay) and Ras.

5. Knowledge Systems.

With the LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) expected development of knowledge Indonesia will continue to grow in line with the era of globalization.

6. Art.

The dominance of the current art is art and art voice acting (movies, soap operas). Dance that can be used almost every day we see today have started to fade, especially art that smells of regionalism. Triumphant return of shadow puppets in 1995 - 1996 that we can enjoy every night of the week, now is not there anymore. Art comedy Srimulat models already displaced by the model Overa Van Java, Pesbuker, and others. For art seems most dynamic development. However, due to the rapid cultural development led to many Indonesian people are starting to forget the original art of Indonesia and eventually many Indonesian arts are recognized by others.

7. While facing a cultural shifts. It is perhaps understandable given the swift currents of globalization which brings a variety of new cultures as well as our inability to stem the attack and defend our basic culture.

B. Conditions Indonesian Nation Culture in the Era of Globalization

The word globalization is derived from the "global" in the Indonesian General Dictionary, berartisecara keseluruhun. Globalization means a process that includes a whole in many areas of life that do not seem to mention the limits of binding significantly.

Speaking of globalization in culture, the thought is how quickly it can evolve globalization wherein it is certainly influenced by the speed and ease in obtaining access to communication and information in all aspects of life. However, it is actually even going to backfire into a problem of its own and the most dangerous or important in globalization, namely the fact that the development of science dominated by developed countries, not the developing countries such as Indonesia. Those who have an international communications and is able to move precisely developed countries. As a result, developing countries such as Indonesia was always afraid of being left in the globalization in various fields such as political, economic, social, cultural, including our art. The discourse of globalization as a process characterized by the rapid development of science and technology so that he can change the world fundamentally. Communication and international transport has removed the boundaries of each nation's culture. Culture of every nation tends to lead to globalization and become the world so that involve human civilization as a whole. Simon Kimoni, sociologist from Kenya said that globalization in the form that will naturally elevate a variety of cultures and cultural values. In this natural process, every nation will try to adjust their culture with new developments so that they can move on and avoid destruction.

Indonesia is a country that can be regarded as a country rich in culture, with a considerable diversity varies, can be used as an addition to the beauty of the repertoire of a country. However, Indonesia should still be able to maintain its cultural existence. If repeated events that occur, many Indonesian culture that has been seized by other countries. This can be proved by clear that the absence of strong legal powers possessed by the Indonesian people about their culture. So will cause it easy for other nations to take and admit it.

Not only that, advances in information technology at the present time has quickly changed the culture of Indonesia became increasingly degenerate. Giving rise to a variety of opinions that are not clear, which will give birth to a confusion in the midst of the changes that took place so complicated and create a headache for the people themselves.

And the more worrying, many arts and languages archipelago is considered as the expression of the Indonesian nation will be in danger of dying. A number of cultural heritage left by his own ancestors had been lost somewhere. Though the cultural heritage has a high value in helping deterioration of Indonesia in today.

It is ironic indeed if explored further. However, we do not just complain and watch it. As good citizens, should be able to apply and provide an example to children and grandchildren later, so that the culture that has been passed down from generation to generation will remain and continue to be one of the prized possessions of the Indonesian nation that will never be extinct.

Globalization also has an impact on the culture of Indonesia, Globalization has now impacting on the development of Indonesian culture. Rapid flow of information and telecommunications in fact had a tendency that leads to the dissipation of the preservation of cultural values. The development of 3T (Transport, Telecommunications, danTeknologi) resulted in reduced desire to preserve the culture of their own country.

Culture of Indonesia was welcoming, polite mutual cooperation and replaced by western culture, such promiscuity. Even when we review Tapanuli (North Sumatra), for example, twenty years ago, her teenage children are still many who are interested to learn dance tor-tor and tagading (Batak musical instrument). Almost every week, and the rituals of life, teenagers there are always invited to perform as a lively cultural entertainment. But this time, when the technology is advancing, ironically cultures of the area getting lost in society, even only be seen on television and Indonesi Miniature Park (TMII). Whereas the local cultures, if managed properly but can be a cultural tourism that generates revenue for both central and local government, also can be a promising area of work for the surrounding community.

Another thing is the effect of globalization is the use of Indonesian in good and proper (language is also one of the nation's culture). It is not unusual in Indonesia to describe the second person singular with Mr., Mrs., Mr., Mrs., Mr., you compared to you or you as a value judgment of taste. Now there is a tendency among young people who prefer to use Jakarta Indonesian dialects such as the mention of the word I (I) and lu (you). In addition, we often hear young people using Indonesian with mixed-mixed English as OK, No problem and Yes', even swear words (detraction) even though we often hear in western films, often spoken in daily life day. These words spread through the TV media in films, commercials and soap operas disebarkannya conjunction with lifestyle and fashion. Style dressed teen Indonesia was upholding norms of decency has changed following the development of the era. There is a tendency for young women in big cities and tight to wear skimpy outfits that show off certain body parts. This minimal perpakaian culture adopted from films and foreign magazines are transformed into soap opera soap opera Indonesia.

Rapid flow of information that is also characterized by the presence of the internet to participate accounted for changes in the way they dress. Mini and tight clothing has become a trend in the young child. One of the successful spread of Western culture is the widespread assumption that science and technology are developing in the West is a universal. The influx of western culture (in packaging science and technology) were well received. On this side of globalization has pervaded various social and cultural value systems East (including Indonesia) that had been opened to a conflict of values between technology and eastern values.

Keubudayaan Indonesia's development of the kingdom until the era of globalization is giving some impact to the community. Indonesian culture is a set of ideas and knowledge that has been accepted by the peoples of Indonesia (multiethnic) as a guideline to behave and produce products of the culture itself. Only problem is, the ideas and knowledge of Indonesian societies also undergo changes, either due to internal and external factors.

Following the impact of the Indonesian culture to the community, among others:

a) Positive Influence can be:

1. Improvements in the field of technology systems, Science, and economics.

2. The occurrence of a shift in the power structure of autocracy into oligarchy.

3. Accelerate the establishment of a democratic government and civil society on a global scale.

4. Do not reduce the space for the government in economic policy in order to support long-term economic growth.

5. Do not opposed to decentralization.

6. not cause the economic crisis.

b) Effect of Negative

1. Potential changes in lifestyle, which leads to the commercial consumer society. The public will be inferior if not using branded clothing (famous brand).

2. The occurrence of cultural gaps. With the advent of two contradictory tendencies. The group that maintains the tradition and history as something sacred and important (romance tradition). And the group into two, which saw the tradition as a product of the past are just worth keeping in storefront history to be remembered (deconstruction tradition / disconecting of culture).

3. As a means of destroying competition. The process of globalization not only weaken the position of state melainka will also result in a mutually destroy competition.

4. As a job killer. As a result of technological advances and cost reductions per unit of production, then the output has increased dramatically, while the number of jobs decreased sharply.

5. As cultural imperialism. The process of globalization brings with western culture, as well as the tendency to harass the traditional cultural values.

6. Globalization is a stove for the emergence of movements of neo-nationalist and fundamentalist .. malignant process of globalization has given rise to a few winners and many losers, both at the level of individuals, companies and countries. Countries that dignity trampled by the super power countries, the process of globalization which is detrimental to a fertile atmosphere for the growth of movements of populism, nationalism and fundamentalism.

7. Shame using native Indonesian culture because it has been a widespread culture of foreigners in Indonesia.

CHAPTER IV

CLOSING

4.1 Conclusions

Based on the explanation above discussion, the conclusion that can be presented in this paper are as follows:

First, the people of Indonesia is a pluralistic reality, which should be seen as a national asset, not a risk or burden. People is the national potential to be empowered, improved productivity potential and physical, mental and cultural.

Second, the homeland of Indonesia as a national asset that stretches from Sabang to Merauke and from Miangas to Rote, is the abode of the spirit of diversity. Is a political liability and intellectual us to transform the "diversity" into "ketunggalikaan" in identity and national consciousness.

Third, the necessary growth mindset is based on the principle of mutuality, cooperation, mutual respect and have a synergistic (shared interest) and avoid unhealthy competition mindset that fosters exclusivism, but on the contrary, should jointly compete to increase competitiveness in the goal of increasing the quality of social -kultural as a nation.

Fourth, build a national culture of Indonesia should lead to a cultural strategy to be able to answer the question, "Will we make as to what our nation?" Which is of course the answer is "becoming a formidable nation danentrepreneurial, became the nation of Indonesia with Indonesian national characteristics, basic berfalsafah Pancasila, the free-spirited actively able to become masters in their own country, and is able to play a critical role in the global arena and in equity are also able to keep the peace of the world ".

Fifth, we are facing today is the crisis of culture. Without immediate enforcement efforts "to form" strictly national identity and national consciousness, then this nation will face kehancuran¬

4.2 Suggestions

Indonesian culture is a culture that is formed from a variety of ethnic cultures and religions so many challenges that always undermines the integrity of the culture but in the spirit of diversity until now still exist in exposure times. Our obligation as a nation to keep maintain the culture of the nation toward a lasting, noble, prosperous and dignified.

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Boediono Kusumohamodjojo. 2000. Diversity Indonesian society. Jakarta: Grasindo.

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Harimanto, Winarno.2009. Cultural Social Science Basis. London: Earth Literacy.

Sy measure, Abdul et al. 2005. Public Encyclopedia for Students. Jakarta: PT. New Ichtiar

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                             Jakarta: Copyright Adi Library.

Lecturer team ISBD. 2012. Cultural Social Science Basis. New York: State University of Jakarta

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